Two Clear Possibilities for Bigfoot: Hybrid or Mutant

Possible Bigfoot Origins tin dismiss last summed upward inward 2 words: Hybrid or Mutant

 "We used to shout out upward that mutations occurred individually together with slow over time, but fossil evidence suggests that novel species popular upward fast, driven past times factor puddle isolation, together with so stabilize amongst population increase." -- Anthony Ciani, UIC condensed thing physicist

Bigfoot Lunch Club has been waiting for MD Melba Ketchum to contact us to no avail. It is a shame, without Melba Ketchum's input it is hard to render a balanced accept on her research. Today may last every bit unopen every bit nosotros tin dismiss get.

Anthony Ciani tells us he was introduced to Melba Ketchum before this year, Jan of 2013. When he was asked to last a invitee editor for the periodical inward which her newspaper would last published.

Mr. Ciani brings upward some interesting points based on Melba Ketchum's newspaper of which I've release below.

There are 2 clear possibilities for the rootage of bigfoots: hybrid or mutant.  The mtDNA is fully consistent amongst known human sequences (given a base of operations duet or two).  The maternal lineage is, without a doubt, H. sapiens sapiens.  Even to a greater extent than interesting, is that the oldest mtDNA sequence found was from almost 15,000 ybp, spell the youngest was exclusively a few G years old, if that.  This agency that bigfoots direct maintain been continuously splitting from or interbreeding amongst normal humans since almost 15,000 ybp until rather recently.  The work amongst the hybrid thought is that if bigfoots are a cross betwixt humans together with some closely related hominid (Homo X), so they likely would direct maintain breed amongst Homo X, together with nosotros should discovery unknown mtDNA from Homo X; but in that place is not, at least, non inward the bigfoots from which samples were collected.  Some people powerfulness shout out upward that the Homo X chromosome eleven together with human chromosome eleven should nevertheless last distinctly identifiable, but chromosomal crossover could direct maintain mixed them together, turning a heterogeneous hybrid into a homogeneous race.

The other option is that bigfoots originated every bit a mutation from H. sapiens sapiens.  We used to shout out upward that mutations occurred individually together with slow over time, but fossil evidence suggests that novel species popular upward fast, driven past times factor puddle isolation, together with so stabilize amongst population increase.  There was a global disruption almost 15,000 ybp, together with it is quite possible that bigfoots are cold-adapted humans.  Given their physical features, they create seem to last night skinned together with negroid, which were the predominant human traits until almost 6,000 ybp (when human pare color lightened inward the north).  Add inward the pilus together with size, together with you lot direct maintain a bigfoot.  Throw inward a flake of racism, together with you lot direct maintain perpetual segregation.  Given the wide make of physical descriptions, bigfoots may nevertheless last mutating.  Bigfoots may direct maintain been fifty-fifty smarter inward the past, together with if Gerald Crabtree is correct, both they together with us may last getting fifty-fifty less smart.  Intelligence is non the objective of evolution; survival is, together with development may direct maintain us all giant together with hairy, running around inward the woods.

Of class I ran this past times my go-to micro biologist MD Tyler Kochjohn together with he had this to say:

There are many possible models to explicate Bigfoot origins together with I experience [Anthony Ciani] has done a slap-up labor coming upward amongst some ideas.  Ideas are the piece of cake business office together with sometimes Nature does non run the way nosotros shout out upward it should, making it essential to examine all the possibilities past times confronting hypothesis amongst data.  I also indicate out that disputes over information together with ideas are business office together with package of science, this is sure as shooting non unique to MD Ketchum’s paper.  If you lot inquire a scientist whether they direct maintain had a newspaper rejected past times a periodical inward an unwarranted manner, I experience most volition acknowledge to that together with likely tell you lot they were furious almost it every bit well.  You motion on, seek assist if demand last together with attempt again.  This is the norm.

You tin dismiss read Anthony Ciani's entire missive of the alphabet to Bigfoot Lunch Club below.

Dear Editor,

In his post, "Ketchum Paper "Peer Reviewed" past times Academic Professor", Guy Edwards stated that MD Ketchum had non responded past times the fourth dimension of publication.  Considering in that place is no follow-up article, it seems she volition non responded.  I am familiar amongst some of her work, including unpublished findings together with the drama concerning its publication, so I thought I powerfulness accept a stab at responding to Tyler Kokjohn's comments.

Kokjohn is quoted every bit saying, "if it was me who held venture evidence of a novel species together with a remarkable designing of origin, I would last breaking downwards the doors of whatever mainstream scientists I thought powerfulness last able to verify my data."  Knocking on doors is precisely what Ketchum did.  Many skeptics direct maintain claimed that the "scientific community" would consider all expert evidence seriously, but what Ketchum discovered was an abundant mix of knee-jerk ridicule together with institutional cowardice, inward both the attempted collaborations together with inward publishing the paper.  The "scientific community" has been really childish inward this endeavor.

To verify parts of her work, Ketchum sent "blind" cloth to good established laboratories, together with often received enthusiastic responses concerning the novel nature of the DNA, amongst researchers begging to last allow inward on its source; until she mentioned, "suspected bigfoot", at which indicate those researchers, so eager to collaborate, would run away spell venting their anger.  Even some of the reviewers, including ones reviewing for highly influential journals, treated the newspaper every bit a joke.  Many of those who did review the newspaper dismissed it amongst hand-waving arguments, generally based on the catch-all claim of contamination.  Ketchum has fifty-fifty had difficulty inward posting the sequences to GenBank.  In monastic tell to ship service a sequence, in that place must last a taxon nether which to ship service it.  New taxons tin dismiss last created, but must last approved past times the NCBI taxonomy group.  According to Ketchum, this grouping rejected the creation of a taxon for bigfoots, so she has been unable to ship service the sequences to GenBank.  Perhaps she merely talked to the incorrect person?

The most controversial business office of the newspaper is Ketchum's speculation (emphasis) that bigfoots are a cross betwixt human females together with some unknown hominid.  There is picayune information to position the genesis of the bigfoot race, together with Ketchum was originally abhor to brand whatever speculation almost it.  The speculation was a reply to a reviewer, who suggested that including an rootage for the species would brand the newspaper publishable.  As Kokjohn notes, in that place are problems amongst the hybrid conjecture.  Unfortunately, MD Ketchum tin dismiss last far likewise stubborn for her ain good, together with she grew attached to the thought of a hybrid, so she left it inward the paper, rather than take away it afterward the newspaper was rejected.  She has fifty-fifty gone so far every bit to misread listen ain phylogenetic tree, together with has been talking almost some possibility that bigfoots are a cross betwixt giant lemurs together with humans.  Ketchum is non a geneticist or evolutionary biologist; she is a forensic scientist.

Kokjohn is correct, inward that the hybrid hypothesis has problems, but Ketchum's newspaper was non almost proving that bigfoots are hybrids.  The newspaper was almost proving that in that place is something unique together with unrecognized roaming the woods, consistent amongst itself together with aught else, together with the newspaper does precisely that.  The pilus morphology together with nuDNA were consistent across samples, together with unlike from human or anything else.  Ketchum's run had the express focus of establishing how to position bigfoot evidence from deoxyribonucleic acid together with pilus morphology, non identifying what a bigfoot is or how it came about, together with her kickoff publication target was a forensics periodical (which rejected the newspaper because it was likewise genetic together with biological).
Ketchum's results tin dismiss indicate us toward the origin.

For the nuDNA sequencing, Ketchum looked ONLY at chromosome 11.  The sequencing technique used a universal primer together with provided the entire, continuous sequence along the chromosome (junk together with genes, straightaway downwards the string).  What Ketchum (well, technically a geneticist collaborator) found was a mixture of easily identifiable human genes, slightly mutated human genes together with unknown sequences, all on the same chromosome.  The genes that are identifiable as H. sapiens sapiens do non demonstrate upward at precisely their proper loci, together with the junk sequences betwixt them are poorly matched, but it is a hominid chromosome 11.  I am uncertain where Kokjohn got the thought that Ketchum always said the sequences direct maintain no homology, because she wrote, "all 3 samples showed homology to human chromosome 11."  Most of the genes are there, but many of them are merely slightly different, together with a few are really unlike (assuming they are genes together with non junk).

There are 2 clear possibilities for the rootage of bigfoots: hybrid or mutant.  The mtDNA is fully consistent amongst known human sequences (given a base of operations duet or two).  The maternal lineage is, without a doubt, H. sapiens sapiens.  Even to a greater extent than interesting, is that the oldest mtDNA sequence found was from almost 15,000 ybp, spell the youngest was exclusively a few G years old, if that.  This agency that bigfoots direct maintain been continuously splitting from or interbreeding amongst normal humans since almost 15,000 ybp until rather recently.  The work amongst the hybrid thought is that if bigfoots are a cross betwixt humans together with some closely related hominid (Homo X), so they likely would direct maintain breed with Homo X, together with nosotros should discovery unknown mtDNA from Homo X; but in that place is not, at least, non inward the bigfoots from which samples were collected.  Some people powerfulness shout out upward that the Homo X chromosome eleven together with human chromosome eleven should nevertheless last distinctly identifiable, but chromosomal crossover could direct maintain mixed them together, turning a heterogeneous hybrid into a homogeneous race.

The other option is that bigfoots originated every bit a mutation from H. sapiens sapiens.  We used to shout out upward that mutations occurred individually together with slow over time, but fossil evidence suggests that novel species popular upward fast, driven past times factor puddle isolation, together with so stabilize amongst population increase.  There was a global disruption almost 15,000 ybp, together with it is quite possible that bigfoots are cold-adapted humans.  Given their physical features, they create seem to last night skinned together with negroid, which were the predominant human traits until almost 6,000 ybp (when human pare color lightened inward the north).  Add inward the pilus together with size, together with you lot direct maintain a bigfoot.  Throw inward a flake of racism, together with you lot direct maintain perpetual segregation.  Given the wide make of physical descriptions, bigfoots may nevertheless last mutating.  Bigfoots may direct maintain been fifty-fifty smarter inward the past, together with if Gerald Crabtree is correct, both they together with us may last getting fifty-fifty less smart.  Intelligence is non the objective of evolution; survival is, together with development may direct maintain us all giant together with hairy, running around inward the woods. 

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